C++ Handbook

`break` — C++ Keyword

`break` — C++ Keyword

The break keyword in C++: exits the nearest enclosing loop or switch statement.

How to use this reference page

Use reference pages to confirm names, categories, nearby facilities, and the constraints that matter before writing or reviewing code.

  • Scan the top of the page first to identify the primary types, functions, or algorithm families involved.
  • Use the nearby-page links when your question is really about a companion header, related algorithm family, or broader subsystem.
  • Validate tricky behavior with a small compileable example before relying on memory for details like invalidation, ordering, allocation, or lifetime rules.

break

Exits the nearest enclosing for, while, do/while, or switch statement immediately.

Syntax

break;

Example

#include <print>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    // Exit a loop early
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        if (i == 5) break;
        std::print("{} ", i);  // 0 1 2 3 4
    }
    std::println();

    // Exit a switch
    int val = 2;
    switch (val) {
        case 1: std::println("one");   break;
        case 2: std::println("two");   break;  // executed, then exits switch
        case 3: std::println("three"); break;
    }
}

Notes

Example in practice

int main() {
    // Pick one facility from this reference page.
    // Write the smallest program that exercises its main precondition,
    // complexity rule, or lifetime constraint before scaling up.
    return 0;
}